01 January 2007
Wait a Second, Those Bacas Aren't My Bacas, Nor Are Those Torreses My Torreses.
Both of my parents were Bacas. My dad Robert C. Baca was the son of Robert B. Baca and Teresa Torres. My mom was the daughter of Santiago Baca and Paublita Zimmerly. I can trace my dad's family back to the orignal Baca family that arrived in New Mexico in 1600. My mother's family doesn't go back quite as far. I can only definatively prove her family lineage going back to my 3rd great grandfather Jose Rafael Baca. Beyond that is pure speculation. Regardless, it does not appear that my parents were closely related through the Baca lines.
I have three major Torres lines in the first five generations of my family tree. My paternal grandmother was Teresa Torres. My maternal grandmother's mother was Delfina Torres. Lastly, my maternal grandmothers paternal grandmother was Paubla Torres. The two lines in my maternal grandmother's ancestry were related. Her parents Estevan Zimmerly and Delfina Torres were 2nd cousins, once removed. However, my paternal Torres line does not appear to be closely related to my maternal Torres line.
The Padilla family only shows up in my maternal grandfather's line. Santiago Baca's parents Rafael Baca and Josefa Padilla were 1st cousins, once removed. In this case, that means that Rafael's maternal grandparents, Jose Miguel Padilla and Altagracia Silva, were also Josefa's great grandparents. It makes you wonder what the family thought when those two got married. Of course at that time (the turn of the 20st century) people didn't care much about family marrying family. There weren't that many choices in Socorro at that time; who would you marry during that period other than someone closely related to you.
The Baca, Torres and Padilla surnames show up more than once in the recent history of my family. This is something important to know if you are going to try to understand my ancestry. If one day you see a certain Torres family in my tree and realize that it does not relate to your family, you will still have two more chances to find a link. Thank goodness for the Bourguignon and Zimmerly families. Neither of those families show up more than once in my family tree.
So you think that it's unusual for cousins to marry cousins? Well, not really. Read this article about Marrying Cousins.
Post updated at 2:00 PM on 14 October 2007.
15 August 2006
Torres Family Reunion Photos
11 August 2006
A Genealogy of a New Mexico Torres Family
by Robert J. C. Baca
Copyright (c) 2006. Permission is granted to copy this article for personal use only.
TORRES FAMILY IN EARLY NEW MEXICO HISTORY
New Mexico was founded as a Spanish colony of Nueva España (Mexico) in 1598. Among the colonists that followed don Juan de Oñate into New Mexico was Juan de Torres, the son of Baltasar de Torres. Early New Mexico records are few and far between, so we do not know much about this man. Another man by the name of Melchor de Torres also seems to be part of the colony in the early 1600s, however it is unknown how he was related to Juan. One of these men may have been the progenitor of the New Mexico Torres family.
In 1680, Pueblo Indians revolted and forced the Spaniards out of New Mexico. One of the many refugees was a man by the name of Cristóbal Torres. Cristóbal was born in New Mexico around 1641. He was a heavy-set man of average height, had dark hair, a crooked nose and walked with an awkward gait.
The Spaniards re-conquered New Mexico in 1693. At the time another Cristóbal Torres was living in Guadalupe del Paso (Juarez, Mexico.) He probably was the son of the first Cristóbal, and was born sometime in the 1660s. Before coming to New Mexico, Cristóbal married Angela de Leyva. Cristóbal and his family were living in Alburquerque in 1710. Later they moved to Santa Cruz. In 1724 Cristóbal was awarded a land grant near Chama.
BELEN AND SOCORRO
Belen was originally named “Nuestra Señora de Belén” which means “our lady of Bethlehem.” Genízaro Indians (Hispanicized Indians) were already living in the area. The genízaros protested against the grant to the Spanish authorities, but the Spaniards were allowed to settle it anyway. There were originally eight Belen plazas. The Torreses were in charge of at least two of these plazas in the 1790s and 1800s.
One of Cristóbal's sons was Diego de Torres who was born in the late 1690s. In the 1730s Diego was the assistant Alcalde (deputy mayor) of Santa Clara. In 1742 Diego, his brother-in-law Antonio Salazar, and thirty others settled the Belen land grant. Diego was married three times. His first wife was Rosa de Varela; the second was Maria Martin who he married in 1712; and lastly he married Rafaela Baca, who survived him.
José Joaquin Torres was born about 1740. He probably was Diego de Torres' grandson. Joaquin married Isabel Chavez of Los Padillas on 12 January 1764. In the 1790s and early 1800s, Joaquin was living in on of the Belen plazas Los Garcias. He was a commissioner of that plaza.
Socorro, New Mexico was originally founded in 1598. When the Spanish settlers emerged from the inhospitable desert, the people of the Piro Pueblo of Teypama gave them food and water. Oñate renamed this pueblo “Socorro” which means “help” or “aid.” The name Socorro was later applied to the nearby Piro Pueblo of Pilabó. A Spanish mission was set up there, however in 1680 Socorro was abandoned. Socorro and the surrounding area was not resettled until 1817 when a number of Belen residents moved into the area.
Joaquin's son Santiago Torres was probably born sometime in the 1770s. Santiago was married to Maria Barbara Ortiz. She was born around 1779 to Francisco Xavier Ortiz and Josefa Tenorio. In 1833 this Torres family was living east of Socorro across the Rio Grande in the Plaza de la Parida.
Santiago's son Jose Anastacio Torres was born on 20 January 1810 in the Plaza de los Garcias (near Belen.) He married Maria Josepha Montoya in Socorro on his birthday 20 January 1835. Maria Josepha was born around 1816 to Juan Montoya and Maria Manuela Garcia Jurado. In 1845, Anastacio and Josepha were living with their family in San Miguelito de las Cañas, southeast of Socorro.
Crespin Torres, Anastacio's son, was born on 26 October 1847 in La Parida. He married Andrea Trujillo in Socorro on 5 April 1869. Andrea was the daughter of Jose Trujillo and Dolores Marquez. Crespin worked as a farmer until 1925. On 21 October 1937, just five days shy of his 90th birthday, Crespin died of complications from diabetes.
IGNACIO TORRES' FAMILY
Crespin's son Ignacio Torres was born in Socorro on 25 October 1875. He married Andrea Montoya on 18 August 1906. Andrea was born on 30 November 1883 to José Casimiro Montoya and Manuela Abeyta.* Andrea was the widow of Miguel Marquez. Andrea and Miguel had been married exactly six years prior to her marriage to Ignacio. Miguel and Ignacio were distant cousins.** Ignacio died on 18 March 1950, while Andrea survived until 9 July 1974.
Miguel Marquez and Andrea Montoya had one daughter:
1.) Manuelita Marquez, born around 1901. Manuelita married Pantaleon Baca.
Ignacio Torres and Andrea Montoya had four children:
1.) José Manuel Torres was born on 19 May 1907. He married Tomasita Rivera. They had six children.
2.) Maria Teresa Torres was born on 19 January 1912. She married Robert B. Baca. They had five children.
3.) Margarita Torres was born about 1917. She married Atanacio Lujan. They had five sons.
4.) Anastacio Torres was born around 1920. He married Piedad Baca. They had eight children.
* Andrea Montoya's sister Sophia was married to Amadeo Luna. Their son was Casmiro D. Luna, who was married to Ruby Armenta. Casmiro and Ruby's son was Casey Luna, the famed Belen car dealer and former Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico. Casey Luna is the second cousin to all of the Andrea Montoya's grandchildren.
**They were half first cousins, once removed. In this case what that means is that Ignacio Torres's great-grandfather Antonio Marquez was first married to his great-grandmother Maria de Loreta Vigil. While Miguel Marquez's grandfather, the same Antonio Marquez, was married a second time to his grandmother Ana Maria Florencia Marquez.
REFERENCES:
1930 United States Census: New Mexico, Socorro County. Microfilm.
Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, Baptisms and Marriages, microfilm.
Armijo Pfeufer, Lila, et al, New Mexico Baptisms San Miguel de Socorro Church 1821-1853, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogy Society, 1998)
Armijo Pfeufer, Lila, et. al, New Mexico Marriages and Baptisms: San Augustin de la Isleta Church, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1996.)
Birth Certificate: Ignacio Torres, Delayed Certificates of Birth, Sierra-Valencia counties, Roll # 1992058, microfilm.
Buxton, Margaret L., et al, New Mexico Baptisms Nuestra Senora de la Inmaculada Concepcion de Tome Volume I, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogy Society, 1998)
Chavez, Angelico, Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period. Revised Edition, (Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1992.)
Death Certificate: Crespin Torres, 21 October 1937, microfilm.
Espinoza, Gilberto, et. al, El Rio Abajo, (Portales, NM: Bishop Publishing Co., 197?)
Interviews: Joe Torres and Rosemary (Torres) Mora.
Julyan, Robert, The Place Names of New Mexico, rev. ed. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998.)
Marshall, Michael P. & Walt, Henry J., Rio Abajo: Prehistory and History of a Rio Grande Province, (Santa Fe: New Mexico Historic Preservation Program, 1984.)
Matrimonios San Miguel del Socorro, San Ignacio y San Cristobal, San Marcial & Our Lady of Guadalupe of La Jolla, (Albuquerque: Hispanic Genealogical Research Center, 1999.)
Olmsted, Virginia Langham, Spanish and Mexican Censuses of New Mexico: 1750-1830, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1981.)
Olmsted, Virginia L., Spanish and Mexican Colonial Censuses of New Mexico: 1790, 1823, and 1845, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1975.)
Ramirez Alief, Teresa, et. al, New Mexico Censuses of 1833 and 1845: Socorro and Surrounding Communities of the Rio Abajo, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994.)
Roberts, Susan and Roberts, Calvin, A History of New Mexico, (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1991.)
Salas, Raymond P. and Leonard Windham, Margaret, New Mexico Marriages Church of Immaculate Conception of Tomé and Our Lady of Belén, (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1994.)
Sanchez, Joe III, San Miguel del Socorro, New Mexico: Marriage Records 1821-1853, (Whittier, CA: Independently published, 1999.)
Tombstone research.
03 August 2006
Wikipedia articles
Genealogy
* Baca Family of New Mexico created
* Cabeza de Baca Family created
New Mexico Towns and Villages
*Luis Lopez contributed
* Socorro contributed
Piro Pueblos
* Pilabó created
* Senecú created
* Teypana created
Catholic Churches
* San Miguel de Socorro created
Etc.
* Origins of New Mexico Families (Book) created
23 May 2006
Book Review: "To the End of the Earth" by Stanley M. Hordes
Hordes, Stanley M. To the End of the Earth: A History of the Crypto-Jews of New Mexico (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005)
A couple of years ago I went to a lecture that Dr. Stanley Hordes presented to the New Mexico Genealogy Society. He discussed his then upcoming book about crypto-Jews in New Mexico titled “To the End of the Earth.” What intrigued me about Dr. Hordes lecture was that he found proof that the colony of Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Espana ( present day Mexico) probably was populated with crypto-Jews. This same colony en masse tried to illegally colonize New Mexico in 1591, and a few of these people were also part of the official New Mexico colony in 1598. Dr. Hordes’ makes a very good argument that there were crypto-Jews in New Mexico during the first years of colonization and that their descendants continued practicing Judaism up until the present day.
A crypto-Jew is a person who converted or whose ancestors converted to Christianity yet still secretly practices Judaism. As with many other Christian countries, Jews were persecuted in Spain during the Middle Ages. In 1390 many Jews converted to Christianity after an especially devastating pogrom. In 1492, after King Fernando and Queen Isabel conquered the last vestige of Muslim Spain in Granada, the Christian monarchs officially expelled the Jews from Spain. All who stayed in Spain were required to convert to Catholicism. Many went to Portugal where they too were forced to convert.
The Spanish Inquisition persecuted many of these New Christians as apostates and heretics. Many were accused of going back to their old religion. In order to avoid prosecution many New Christians went to the New World. Dr. Hordes shows how one such colony from Portugal under the leadership of Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva were almost definitely New Christians, and most likely crypto-Jews.
Carvajal was given permission by the King Philip II of Spain to found a colony in Nuevo Leon. The king gave specific instructions to officials not to question the ethnicity of the people in this colony. Dr. Hordes contends that these people were probably New Christians since at the time New Christians prohibited from going to the New World. The king’s instructions would have made it easier for them to cross over to Mexico. As further proof Hordes notes that Carvajal’s son was later prosecuted by the Inquisition. During the younger Carvajal’s arrest Gaspar Castano de Sosa lead the entire colony to New Mexico. Hordes contends that he probably did this in order to escape being prosecuted himself as a judaizer. However Castano de Sosa was arrested anyway for trying to illegally colonize New Mexico.
Hordes uses church and government records to demonstrate the possibility that New Christians practiced Judaism throughout New Mexico history. His argument is strongest with the early years of the colony when Inquisition records documented investigations into possible judaizers. He also uses genealogy to show how certain assumed crypto-Jewish families intermarried within culture. However, his arguments are weaker when it comes to the present day. Although there is some proof that certain present day Hispano New Mexican families continue the practice of crypto-Judaism, there are questions as to whether certain evidence truly demonstrates this practice. Hordes does not completely dispel these questions, although he comes closer than others who have tried to prove this theory.
Dr. Hordes’ book is well researched and was a fascinating read. Any person interested in Hispanic New Mexican history and genealogy should read this book. One then can make up his or her mind whether Dr. Hordes proves that crypto-Judaism indeed was practiced throughout New Mexico’s history.
Review Copyright (c) 2006 by Robert J. C. Baca
Romero Sephardic Jewish Lineage
1 Bartolome Romero
.... +Maria de Adeva
..... 2 Bartolome Romero I 1557 -
........... +Luisa Lopez Robledo
............. 3 Matias Romero - 1648
................... +Isabel de Pedraza 1607 -
..................... 4 Francisco Romero de Pedraza 1634 -
........................... +Francisca Ramirez de Salazar
............................ 5 Antonio Romero de Pedraza 1692/93 - 1736
.................................. +Nicolasa del Castillo - 1783
.................................... 6 Maria Romero 1728 -
.......................................... +Juan Antonio Baca
............................................ 7 Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca 1754 -
.................................................. +Ana Maria Sanches
.................................................... 8 Jose Mateo Mauricio Cabeza de Baca 1803 -
.......................................................... +Maria Guadalupe Montoya 1812 -
........................................................... 9 Martin Baca
................................................................. +Maria Rita Luna 1844 -
................................................................... 10 Juan B. Cabeza de Baca y Luna 1871 - 1953
......................................................................... +Carolina Bourguignon 1882 - 1963
........................................................................... 11 Robert Bourguignon Baca 1907 - 1972
................................................................................. +Maria Teresa Torres 1912 - 1983
.................................................................................. 12 Robert Carlos Baca 1932 - 1999
........................................................................................ +Frances Rosaline Baca 1934 - 1999
.......................................................................................... 13 Robert J. C. Baca
Copyright (c) 2006 by Robert J. C. Baca
24 April 2006
My Trujillo Lineage and the Albuquerque Tricentennial Parade

Last year when my wife and I took part in the Founders Day Parade at the Albuquerque Tricentennial opening ceremonies we carried the "Baca" banner. This year someone else carried the banner. I had to pick another banner to carry, so this time I carried the "Trujillo" banner.
When I was telling my sister about the parade I mentioned that we had Trujillo ancestors. She did not realize that fact. Below is one of our Trujillo lines.
Direct Descendants of Juan Antonio Trujillo
1 Juan Antonio Trujillo
.. +Maria Rosa Lucero
..... 2 Juan Agustin Trujillo
......... +Lucia Antonia de Jesus Montano
............. 3 Juan Antonio Trujillo 1795 -
................. +Maria Juliana Silva 1801 -
..................... 4 Jose Trujillo 1815 -
......................... +Dolores Marquez
............................ 5 Andrea Trujillo
................................ +Jose Crespin Torres 1847 - 1937
.................................... 6 Ignacio Torres - 1950
........................................ +Andrea Montoya 1883 - 1974
............................................ 7 Maria Teresa Torres 1912 - 1983
................................................ +Robert Bourguignon Baca 1907 - 1972
.................................................... 8 Robert Carlos Baca 1932 - 1999
........................................................ + Frances Rosaline Baca 1934 - 1999
........................................................... 9 Robert J. C. Baca
(c) 2006 by Robert J. C. Baca
21 April 2006
Martin Hurtado, Alburquerque's First Mayor (Albuquerque Tricentennial)
I am decended from Martin Hurtado three times, all through my maternal grandmother Paublita (Zimmerly) Baca.
1 Martin Hurtado 1659 - 1734
.... +Catalina Varela Jaramillo
..... 2 Bernadina Hurtado
........... +Ramon Garcia Jurado 1678 - 1760
............. 3 Toribio Garcia Jurado 1729 -
................... +Antonia Teresa Gutierrez - 1764
..................... 4 Francisco Xavier Garcia Jurado 1756 -
........................... +Maria Josepha Sanchez
............................ 5 Francisco Antonio Garcia
.................................. +Maria Guadalupe Torres 1812 -
.................................... 6 Juana Maria Garcia 1828 -
.......................................... +Felipe Padilla 1815 -
............................................ 7 [9] Maria Guadalupe Padilla - 1920
.................................................. +[8] Jose Epitacio Torres 1858 -
.................................................... 8 [2] Delfina Torres 1893 - 1978
.......................................................... +[1] Esteban Zimmerly 1887 - 1936
........................................................... 9 [3] Maria Paublita Zimmerly 1909 -
................................................................. +[4] Santiago Baca 1907 - 1961
................................................................... 10 [5] Frances Rosaline Baca 1934 - 1999
......................................................................... +[6] Robert Carlos Baca 1932 - 1999
........................................................................... 11 [7] Robert J. C. Baca
..................... 4 Maria Trinidad Garcia Jurado 1759 -
........................... +Feliciano Montoya 1748 -
............................ 5 Maria Josefa Montoya - 1838
.................................. +Lorenzo Tiburcio Padilla - 1839
.................................... 6 Maria Gertudes Padilla
.......................................... +Ricardo Torres 1808 -
............................................ 7 Maria Paubla Torres 1849 -
.................................................. +Samuel Zimmerly
.................................................... 8 [1] Esteban Zimmerly 1887 - 1936
.......................................................... +[2] Delfina Torres 1893 - 1978
........................................................... 9 [3] Maria Paublita Zimmerly 1909 -
................................................................. +[4] Santiago Baca 1907 - 1961
................................................................... 10 [5] Frances Rosaline Baca 1934 - 1999
......................................................................... +[6] Robert Carlos Baca 1932 - 1999
........................................................................... 11 [7] Robert J. C. Baca
............................ 5 Ana Maria Jacinta Montoya 1794 -
.................................. +Diego Antonio Abeyta 1783 -
.................................... 6 Maria Monica Abeyta 1817 -
.......................................... +Simon Torres 1815 -
............................................ 7 Jose Valentin Torres 1836 -
.................................................. +Maria Josefa Ortiz 1837 -
.................................................... 8 [8] Jose Epitacio Torres 1858 -
.......................................................... +[9] Maria Guadalupe Padilla - 1920
........................................................... 9 [2] Delfina Torres 1893 - 1978
................................................................. +[1] Esteban Zimmerly 1887 - 1936
................................................................... 10 [3] Maria Paublita Zimmerly 1909 -
......................................................................... +[4] Santiago Baca 1907 - 1961
........................................................................... 11 [5] Frances Rosaline Baca 1934 - 1999
................................................................................. +[6] Robert Carlos Baca 1932 - 1999
.................................................................................. 12 [7] Robert J. C. Baca
Copyright (c) 2006 by Robert J. C. Baca
06 March 2006
Wedding Photo - Robert C. Baca and Frances R. Baca
Wedding photo, Robert C. Baca and Frances R. Baca, October 27, 1954, Socorro, New Mexico.From left to right (not including the children)
1.) Theresa Baca, bridesmaid, groom's sister.
2.) David Baca, groomsman, groom's brother.
3.) Unknown bridesmaid.
4.) Ernest Chavez, groomsman, bride's cousin.
5.) Ernest Manning, best man, bride's uncle.
6.) Robert C. Baca, groom.
7.) Frances R. Baca, bride.
8.) Ida (Zimmerly) Manning, matron of honor, bride's aunt.
9.) Unknown groomsman.
10.) Josie Baca, bridesmaid, bride's sister.
11.) Unknown bridesmaid.
12.) Unknown groomsmen.
Children:
1.) Eddie Bernal, ring-bearer, bride's cousin.
2.) Ina Mae Zimmerly, flower girl, bride's cousin.
Of the groomsmen that I was not able to identify, one is Robert Navarez, the other Nazario Lopez.
Of the bridesmaids that I was not able to identify, one is Lucy Gonzales, the othe Lugy Romero.
05 March 2006
Wedding Announcement # 2: Robert C. Baca and Frances R. Baca

From the El Paso Times, Thursday, October 28, 1954, page E1. The Photo is from the same article.
Miss Baca Becomes Bride in Socorro Church Rites
Socorro, N.M. – Miss Frances Rosaline Baca, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Santiago Baca, became the bride of Robert C. Baca, son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Baca, in ceremonies Wednesday in San Miguel Catholic Church here.
Bridal attendants wee Mrs. Ernest Manning, matron of honor; and Miss Josie Baca, sister of the bride, Miss Lugi Romero, Miss Lucy Gonzales and Miss Theresa Baca, sister of the bridegroom, bridesmaids.
Mr. Manning was best man, Ina Mae Zimmerly was flower girl, and Eddie Bernal was ring bearer.
Both the bride and the bridegroom were graduated from Socorro High School. The bride has been employed by her father, and the bridegroom is stationed with the Army in New York.
Among the pre-nuptial courtesies honoring the bride were a lingerie shower given by Mrs. Jimmie Baca and a miscellaneous shower which Miss Gonzales and Miss Romero were hostesses.